Purpose of theory Essay Example for Free

Motivation behind hypothesis Essay A hypothesis can be clarified as a given arrangement of standards or articulations used to give a clarification to a happening wonder. Hypotheses clarify existing circumstances and can be utilized to create answers for recognized issues inside an association particularly when it has been tried for various occasions henceforth worthy or delivering proof based outcomes. A hypothesis contrasts from a model so that a model go about as a portrayal of a given marvels or the real idea. A model can for this situation be utilized to clarify a given hypothesis. Like a hypothesis a model can be utilized to make forecasts and to control a given circumstance. Logical request includes the utilization of precise strategies for gathering, dissecting and finishing up information and thusly growing new innovations utilizing deductively accumulated data or realities. The procedure includes the definition of speculations or theory and viable trials to test the detailed theory. Gullible request then again includes a casual assortment, examination and translation of information and doesn't really incorporate the utilization of fundamentally thought thoughts and aptitudes. For this situation a hypothesis is clarified utilizing characteristic language. Logical request is probably going to deliver dependable and results or discoveries that can be utilized to discover proof based answers for a current issue. It utilizes gathered proof to test given thoughts. Proof based administration requires the utilization of logical request as it includes the utilization of meta aptitudes and fundamentally thought approaches in the advancement of useful arrangements (Judd, Kidder Smith, 1991). Tried speculations go about as proof and produce clarifications for existing marvels that can be utilized to grow new developments which may go about as control measures or arrangements Reference Judd, C. , Smith, E. , Kidder, L. (1991). Exploration Methods in Social Relations, sixth ed. , New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. .

Decreasing Population of Bachelor of Secondary Education Essay Example for Free

Diminishing Population of Bachelor of Secondary Education Essay Presentation Any individual who picks an encouraging profession in the Philippines must hold a degree in educator instruction. Educators in broad daylight and private primary schools must have in any event a bachelor’s qualification in basic instruction. Secondary teachers are required to have a bachelor’s qualification in optional training with specialization (a significant and a minor) in secondary school subjects. The two degrees are granted upon effective consummation of endorsed instructor training courses in perceived foundations. Instructing in schools or expert degree programs at the tertiary level requires in any event a master’s qualification in a specific zone of specialization. Be that as it may, clearly, populace of Bachelor of Secondary Education understudies were diminishing eventually. In light of these, nature of training in the Philippines will probably confront an emergency if the present patterns in diminishing school enrolment and expanding dropouts particularly Bachelor of Secondary Education and Bachelor of Elementary Education will proceed. There are a few elements to consider why the number of inhabitants in Education understudies lessened. Because of proceeding with educational cost climbs, numerous understudies chose to take professional courses. As of late, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National Commission of the Philippines detailed that roughly 22 percent generally understudy stabilities from first to fourth Year College. What's more, evidently, educator is an unpleasant calling. Educator occupied with real study hall instructing that render not over eight hours of real homeroom showing a day, arrangement and amendment of activities and other work coincidental to his/her ordinary educating obligations. Auxiliary instructors will be appointed to close to six every day forty-minute times of guidance. For school, the ordinary encouraging heap of a full-time educator will be eighteen hours per week. The showing heap of low maintenance educators who are full-time workers outside of instructing will not surpass twelve hours out of every week. Be that as it may, the normal teachers’ compensation at present is lacking as wellspring of business. Educating is an honorable calling companied by the way that they have a great deal of compel obligations to form individuals in the general public they have a place. RELATED LITERATURE Instructing is a calling whose prizes can possibly be extraordinary, yet its difficulties can possibly be baffling simultaneously. Instructors have the chance to decidedly affect their understudies lives. Helping youngsters arrive at their latent capacity is amazingly fulfilling. Notwithstanding, a few understudies are hard to associate with, or have issues that meddle with their conduct and execution in the homeroom. Beside that, they additionally experience troubles in their work routine, most educators show up at school early, remain late or bring work home. Arranging, reviewing, gatherings, meetings and expert improvement must be cultivated notwithstanding the every day instructing of exercises. They are additionally a normal 10-month worker and are off when school is shut for occasions and get-aways. Be that as it may, educators may need to land summer positions to enhance their pay rates (Sally Miller, 2005). All advanced education establishments in all nations have encountered strain between the interest to be explicitly relevant to nearby needs and the craving to keep up thoughts and estimations of all inclusive reference (Hargreaves, 1973). Fundamentally in Bachelor of Secondary Education or in some other instructing/training courses. The administration structure of essential instructing training is insufficiently sorted out to control instructor instruction establishment as per the national advancement system. Inflexibility and wastefulness in the tutoring procedure result from the nonattendance of powerful, focal and complete planning(Dunkley, 1981). Along these lines, teacher’s wanna be diminishing incredibly. As per Dr. Rupert Maclean(1988), there are some significant ramifications for the advancement of the arrangement of instructor training in the locale, for example, (1) need to perceive that the quest for learning is a long lasting procedure, (2)an assessment of the degree to which instructive organizations ought to be self-governing, and the thought of the social and monetary expense and advantages included when more noteworthy self-sufficiency happens, (3)the change and development of educator instruction as an essential advance towards the revival of state funded instruction. Then again, An Unesco Publication, The Changing Role of the Teacher, states â€Å"There was the point at which the teacher’s jobs was to go down to the more youthful age the information, encounters and folklore of a moderate developing society The pace of progress in contemporary society has made his job repetitive. The job of educato r must be, in addition to other things, a change specialist. It doesn't make a difference whether one is tending to the circumstance in a creating nation or an industrialized country, the issue continues as before. What are the new elements of his/her job, and how is the educator to be prepared to satisfy that job. In looking at the changing job of the educator we have to consider the to be just like a reaction to, and an endeavor to stand up to the weight of a general public experiencing steady transition† (Goble and Porter, 1977). For this announcement, we can say that instructors assume a significant job in changing the training in the general public. For instance, in Malaysia, training is imagined to serve two significant capacities: (1)a intends to accomplish national solidarity and (2) a vehicle for national turn of events. Since 1964, English was gradually supplant by Bahasa Malaysia, the contention being that a country arrangement of training utilizing a typical mechanism of guidance, notwithstanding a typical prospectus , will give a solid base to advancing national solidarity. Lamentably, the arrangement has made between ethnic pressure, taking into account the way that in Malaysia about 53% are Chinese and about 11% are Indian origin(S. Husin Ali, Chang Yii Tan, Tan Boon Kean, 1987). Educator is capable in pretty much every employment in the general public particularly when we are discussing the fate of each understudy they handle in essential, auxiliary and tertiary level. Centering in advanced education, as per Trow(1938:132) advanced education itself ‘a delineated arrangement of organization, evaluated officially or casually in status and esteem, in riches, influence and impact of different kind. Additionally, instructor in the Philippines had its start as ahead of schedule as Spanish period. Educator training programs have consistently been directed by the critical needs of the time, Before 1950, there were just a couple of state universities offering an instructor instruction program. Be that as it may, when the Department of Education revealed the gravity of the issue of undersupply of expertly qualified instructors, enrolment in educator training enrolled gradually upward. To urge more schools to offer educator instruction courses, necessities for opening ordinary schools and school were relaxed(Carson, 1978). Besides, most nations in the district of Asia perceive the pivotal significance of pre-administration instruction for educators. For example, the 1986 National Policy on Education expresses that â€Å"no individuals can transcend the degree of its teachers† (de la Cruz, Leandro, 1988). In conclusion, most significant proof of value in training framework is to be found in the nature of the understudies/understudies created. The issue, notwithstanding, is to show up at good markers which will show that better quality instruction has been accomplish (Adams, 1988). As needs be, much conversation in quality and gauges will appear in this examination. And furthermore this examination will endeavor to show what was actually the variables we can consider in the adjustment in populace of training understudies. For future examinations, it will be important to investigate various information that related in the given point. This exploration will have the incredible commitment in individuals mindfulness particularly understudies on what are the patterns in advanced education. Philosophy So as to pick up data, the specialist directed a meeting with the highschool instructor including Mrs. Song Isidro (Filipino II), Mrs. Crisamie Mendieta(Physics), Mrs. Laudato (Filipino II), Mrs. Musa (English I) and college educators in particular Ms. Michelle Zuniga (ITEC), Ms. Rona Feranil (Math), Ms. Jeneth Menil (P.E. what's more, English), Mrs. Cherry Rose S. Uminga (Biology), Mrs. Beauty Balingit ( Campus Asst. Curator). It was made on March 3-5, 2010 at the Carmona National Highschool and Cavite State University-Carmona Campus. The analysts had the option to play out a meeting using meeting sheet/structure/manage which the information as of now record. They additionally utilized a pen to compose each and every data that the interviewee give. During the pre-talk with stage, the specialists put all the potential inquiries in a piece of paper and improve it using Microsoft word 2003. They additionally utilized Xerox machine to increase the quantity of meeting structure/manage. At the meeting appropriate, the analysts utilized English language as the method of correspondence. They apply formal method of social occasion the purpose of perspectives on the objective populace. What's more, at the post talk with stage, the analyst joined all thoughts that the example populace had give. A portion of the data they had the option to assemble assume a significant job in deciphering the various thoughts in understanding the reason for the issue of diminishing populace of Bachelor of Secondary Education. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In pre-Spanish occasions, training was casual, unstructured, and without strategies. Kids were given progressively professional preparing and less scholastics by their folks and in the places of inborn guides. Significant changes in training framework occurred during the Spanish colonization. The ancestral coaches were supplanted by the Spanish Missionaries. Training was religion-situated. It was for the world class, particularly in the lord

Speakers at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Speakers at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the great things about SIPA is the constant stream of speakers who come to campus to share about their passion for international and public affairs. Here are three examples of policy makers on campus this week. First, the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) will host the first lecture in the SIPA Mayors Speaker Series with Marcelo Ebrard, Mayor of Mexico City, speaking on Transforming Mexico City: Creating a City for the 21st Century. The session is co-sponsored by the Institute of Latin American Studies and the Urban Policy Concentration. Second, H.E. Father Miquel d’Escoto Brockmann, President, United Nations General Assembly will speak at a session on the Politics of Food. Third, Evo Morales Ayma, President of Bolivia will also be on campus as part of the Columbia University World Leaders Forum.

Persuasive Speech About Not Smoking

Persuasive Speech About Not Smoking Do you smoke? Do you enjoy cigarette smoke? I’m sure that you do not, but many other people do and not all of them are aware of the harm caused by cigarette smoke. Preparing a convincing speech about the dangers of smoking and how to quit the habit is something that literally saves lives. The best way to show that smoking hurts people and the society is to divide all the negative influences into several categories. Health risks: lung cancer, larynx cancer, asthma, heart attack, esophagus, cardiovascular and bladder diseases, emphysema, stroke, second-hand smoke risk, etc. Appearance: bad breath, yellow teeth and finger tips, disgusting smell of hair, fingers, clothes, wrinkling skin, etc. Inconvenience: smokers often have to interrupt the more interesting activities for a smoke; as many places don’t allow smoking, you have to go outside into the cold (if its winter); many people don’t like to be near smokers, and you may even lose a friend because of your tobacco smoking, etc. Giving up smoking is surely more difficult than simple talking about the dangers of smoking. Despite the fact that they realize the harm, many people simply cannot get rid of the habit. You have all the chances in the world though to convince smokers that life is beautiful in itself. There is no need for smoking cigarettes. A myth that smoking can solve the problems of daily living should be dispelled. It should also be known that a smokers health risks are high and that smoking is a problem that can only be solved if they never again take a cigarette in their hands. In order to show that smoking is not natural

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Bottling Company Free Essays

BOTTLING COMPANY History of coca cola bottles: CocaCola’s history has got a lot of bottle – more than 115 years’ worth, in fact. The world’s favourite soft drink started life as a soda fountain beverage, selling for five cents a glass, but it was only when a strong bottling system developed that CocaCola became the world-famous brand it is today. 1894 – A modest start for a bold idea Mississippi shop owner Joseph A. We will write a custom essay sample on Bottling Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Biedenharn began bottling CocaCola after he was impressed by its sales. He sold the drink to his customers in a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson. At the time Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company. Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had urged that CocaCola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales. 1916 – Birth of the contour bottle Bottlers worried that a straight-sided bottle wasn’t distinctive enough and that CocaCola was becoming easily confused with ‘copycat’ brands. Glass manufacturers were approached to come up with a unique bottle design for CocaCola. The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, designed with the famous contour shape, which won enthusiastic approval from CocaCola in 1915 and was introduced in 1916. * The contour bottle design was inspired by the curves and grooves of a cocoa bean. * Today, it’s one of the most recognised icons in the world – even in the dark. * Blues players have been known to use necks from CocaCola’s contour bottles to play slide guitar, coining the term ‘bottleneck slide’. 1923 – Six packs Six pack carriers of CocaCola bottles were introduced to encourage people to take their drinks home – and were a huge hit. 928 – Bottle overtakes fountain For the first time, the volume of CocaCola sold in bottles exceeded the amount sold through soda fountains. 1950 – Media moments The CocaCola contour bottle was the first commercial product to appear on the cover of TIME magazine, establishing CocaCola as a truly international brand. Also this year, the first television advert featuring CocaCola’s contour bottle appeared during CBS’ The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show. 1955 – Packaging innovations For the first time, people could buy different sized bottles of CocaCola. As well as the traditional 6. ounce contour bottle, shops also started selling larger 10, 12 and 26 ounce versions. 1960 – Trademark no. 1 The contour bottle with the word ‘CocaCola’ written on it received its first trademark from the US Patent and Trademark Office. 1977 – Trademark no. 2 The CocaCola contour bottle was granted a second trademark for the contour shape itself, with no words written on it. 1978 – Recyclable bottles CocaCola introduced the world to the two litre PET plastic bottle. It became popular for a lot of reasons: it doesn’t break; it’s re-sealable, lightweight and recyclable. 2000 – Reducing waste CocaCola introduced the ultra-glass contour bottle designed for improved impact resistance, reduced weight and cost. These bottles are 40 per cent stronger and 20 per cent lighter than the original CocaCola contour bottle – saving approximately 52,000 metric tons of glass in 2006. 2005 – Aluminium bottles CocaCola joined forces with design firms from five continents to launch a new aluminium contour bottle called the ‘M5’ (Magnificent 5). 2009 – Green bottles CocaCola launched the innovative  PlantBottle  in the US, a completely recyclable PET container made with 30 per cent plant materials, including sugar cane extracts. 011 – Going green globally PlantBottle packaging is available in nine countries with launches planned for many additional markets in 2011 and beyond. MISSION PET In this context, what was the appropriate response by CCBPI? The environmental predicament was clear-cut and the decisions and directions were defining moments o f the company management’s assessment of the situation. It was amidst this situation, the program Mission PET was born in the last quarter of Year 2000. PET stands for Pinoy Environment Team to underscore the indigenous Filipino endeavor. Its objectives are: . To promote recognition of CCBPI’s one-way containers as recyclables and to encourage collection and recovery of these post consumer beverage containers; 2. To encourage among strategic stakeholders the environmental responsibility through education and information dissemination; 3. To marshal the youth to undertake collection and recovery of the one-way PET containers and to guide them in linking up with environmentally minded organizations; 4. To mirror management’s active response to a critical social problem. Mission PET target audience is a wide spectrum of stakeholders. People of all ages and walks of life consume Coca-Cola products; obviously, they are also garbage generators. Recycling of PET Containers There is now a PET Recycling Technology present in Metro Manila area. Forever Fiber Corporation in Pulang Lupa, Valenzuela City, has registered with the Board of Investments and obtained Income Tax Holiday for six years from April 2002 for the annual production of 1,583,733 kilograms of polyester staple fiber, necessary for the production of yarn for industrial garments and fibers. In Year 1, Forever Fiber will use 1,456 tons of used PET bottles, and by Year 5, it would be needing 2,043 tons of used PET. Multipet Corporation in Malinta, Valenzuela City produces strapping materials, commonly called â€Å"plehe†, from recycled PET wastes. Such materials are used locally and abroad for strapping boxes or cargoes, such as for mangoes, suha or durian. Out of its annual output of 460 tons per year, Multipet channels approximately 5% of its output to low-income communities in Malabon and Navotas where enterprising families weave market baskets (bayong), knapsacks and folding beds, for livelihood. A thriving market exists for 15 large consolidators known as Metro Recycling Association who xport every month about 400 tons of PET flakes as feedstock for the enormous non-woven fiber factories in China and Korea to produce polyester. Polyester is a part of such â€Å"sosyal† items as Patagonia bags, Nike shoes, skiers’ windbreakers, jackets, carpets and comforters. Think about this for a moment: If your outerwear or innerwear trademark says: â€Å"Polyester, or Polyester wi th cotton, or Polyester with rayon† -in all possibility, you are wearing recycled Coca-Cola PET bottles! Recycling of Aluminum Cans Reynolds Recycling Corporation’s two (2) furnaces in Dasmarinas, Cavite, are, for the moment, silent, shutdown. But further West in Barangay Osorio, in Trece Martires City, there is Cavite Aluminum Recycling Corp. producing aluminum ingots for the Philippine market and the aluminum alloy requirements of industries in Japan. In addition, there are dozens of registered – – and unregistered – – converters producing aluminum sheets for cooking woks and claddings – – mostly from recycled aluminum beverage containers. Today, Metro Manila Linis Ganda’s members and other junk shops – – there are at least 1,200 registered in Metro Manila – – earn handsomely from the collection of PET and UBCs. So do their eco-aides. Just look at the tons of collected by the Linis Ganda coops in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Unseen by the public eye are the big warehouses compacting UBCs into 20-kilo blocks for export via container ship to Japan, China, Malaysia, and U. S. Aluminum, by the way, is perpetually recyclable! And aluminum scrap price is a reference for trading at the London Metal Exchange. Look at the growth of aluminum scrap exports: Collection by Mission PET Recovery Centers For the past 21 months, the Centers have redeemed 4,200,000 (million) and 3,000,000 (million) pieces of aluminum and PET containers, respectively. That’s what we have directly scooped out of the waste stream. In 2001, Philippines exported 23,053 tons of aluminum scrap with a value of US$416,145,305. For PET, the country recovered about 5,040 metric tons in 2001 from the 24,000 metric tons that we generated in the form of resin, pre-form and bottle container. That is a recovery rate of 21 percent! PET or polyethylene terephthalate is the familiar soft plastic popularly used in myriad consumer and household products because of its lightweight, clarity and shatter-resistance. It is a polymer, a kind of plastic. Among the seven classifications of plastic, PET is coded â€Å"1† in the international recycling logo. (See Appendix C. ) The marking, made by the U. S. Society of Plastic Industry, is found at the bottom of the container to facilitate its segregation and recycling. The Seven Types of Plastics commonly used in the Philippines 1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Common uses: soft drink bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jugs, water bottles 2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Common uses: detergent bottles, milk jugs, grocery bags 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Common uses: plastic pipes, outdoor furniture 4. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Common uses: produce bags, food storage containers 5. Polypropylene (PP) Common uses: aerosol caps, drinking straws 6. Polystyrene (PS) Common uses: packaging pellets, cups, meat trays 7. Others Common uses: certain kind of food containers Report in N. S. E: Bottling Company REpOrTeRs: Cacayorin, Sarah Jane Mabini, Sherwin John Submitted to: Ms. Mercedes Mascarina How to cite Bottling Company, Essay examples

Business Environment Fonterra Co-Operative- Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Management System of the Enterprise and applies Fayal's principles to the leadership style of this Company. Answer: Introduction Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited is one of the leading dairy cooperatives in the world with its roots in New Zealand. The company was established in the year 2001 through the merging two New Zealand's dairy section players; Kiwi Cooperative Dairies and the New Zealand Dairy Group. Currently, the company takes a share of about 30% of the total worlds dairy exports and is now the biggest company in New Zealand. Therefore, its existence in the country has positively impacted on the economy of New Zealand employing millions of the people to work in the company ("Home," n.d.). Fonterra operates in an international context and has many subsidiaries in the world. The primary business of Fonterra is to collect, manufacture and sell milk and milk-products in the market. It also handles fast moving consumer goods (abbreviated as FMCG), together with the food service business where it has employed many professionals for restaurants and bakeries. Therefore, the company sells its products directly to the consumers and also provides some out-of -home food service in various parts of the world. Besides, the organization has also partnered with many food companies where it supplies them with dairy products. The company has established five segments through which it operates. Each segment has its various activities of operation that work together to form the complete organization. The first part of Fonterra is the Global Ingredients and Operations (GIO), which deals in processing and production of milk and milk products together with marketing these products. The second segment is the Oceania, which specializes in the consumer goods in New Zealand ("Home," n.d.). The third section is the Greater China which operates in China dealing FMCG, food service and farming businesses mostly in the region of the greater China. Also, there is a segment called Oceania, handling the company's business in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Lastly, there a section called Latin America serving the Caribbean and South America. It handles the FMCG and it ingredients businesses. Management of Fonterra Fayols management principles of division of work, centralization and remuneration can be applied to the operation of Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited for effectiveness. The performance of Fonterra is greatly attributed to the management decisions (Brunsson, 2008). Firstly, principle of division of work is important; where the work load is divided among employees or various groups of employees to ensure they are the focus and concentrate on one task. In as much as Fonterra has shown efforts of embracing division of work, there is need to do more about it. The company can divide its operation task and then mandate its various segments to deal in these portions of work. This likely to help employees increase specialization which in turn improve their productivity (Cran, 2016). Also, the degree of centralization is another principle of management that Fayol suggested that it needs to be considered. Depending on the size of the company, there should be efforts to balance management and decision making (Van, 2009).Organizations should strive to maintain this balance for effectiveness. Fonterra has centralization in its structure and a lot of decision making authority lies on the senior management staff in the company. The organization should make efforts to ensure that the balance in decision making is attained (Angelo Ricky, 2009). Besides, Fayol discussed remuneration is one of the key aspects of successful management. Employees need sufficient compensation both financial and non-financial. Remuneration contributes to the satisfaction of the employees thus increasing their motivation (McLean, 2011). The company should consider various factors in determining the remuneration of the workers. These factors include the cost of living, the general business conditions and the business success among many other aspects. Sufficient remuneration package will motivate the employees, reduce their financial stress and thus increase their productivity in the organization thus it should never be under looked at any point (AlmashaqbaNemer, 2010). Fonterras Culture Every company has its own culture, which defines the way an organization does things.The corporate culture entails various areas such as the companys expectations, its experiences, the philosophy and the values that guide the organizations working and its general operation. It is based on a shared belief of the team that is expected to help it perform better. The business leaders are usually responsible for formulating the culture and communicating at the workplace (Tsai, 2011). Regarding the Fonterra's culture, the organization founded on a mission of working towards being the leader in the provision of dairy products all over the world, and positioning its products and services above all similar products on the globe (The Tipster, 2013).The organization is driven by a vision statement of sharing the natural source of proteins to the world by reaching the every person, everywhere and every day. The company operates on values to enable them to combine personal strengths with those of others to Fonterra stronger, better more innovative (Costanza et al., 2015).Therefore, the vision, mission and value statements have played a major role in communicating the culture of the company. Also, Fonterra runs on a cooperative philosophy which has been incorporated into the organizational culture. Some of these philosophies include the restriction that shares in Fonterra Group can only be held the supplying shareholders who agree to a dual commitment to supply milk and invest their capital to the business (Kleinbaum, 2013).The supplying parties must also own shares in the co-operative and also shares the financial benefits proportionally according to the shares they hold in the co-operative. The management control of Fonterra is controlled by the supplying shareholders who elect through voting. Fonterra maintains the culture of mutual benefit and sustainability and the transparency in the transactions of the company. This culture governs Fonterra and has the power of control on the way things are done at Fonterra (Boddy, 2011). Fonterras Business Environment Fonterra operates in a business context just like any other business. The operation, decision and moves of the company are influenced by the corporate environment in which the business operates. It is important to establish both the macro and micro environment in which the business operates. The macro business environment of Fonterra can be analyzed using PESTLE analysis which covers all contextual factors that affect the company. PESTLE is an abbreviation for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors (Steven Britt, 2008). Politically, the decisions and operations of Fonterra are influenced by the politics of the countries in which it carries out business. In some cases, the company experiences restrictions of trademarks, labeling actions, bio-diversity and quota's arguments. Regarding economic factors, Fonterra experiences influence in its operations due to these factors. They usually come from the economic state of the world, variations in foreign currency and also the changing demands for dairy products (Michael, 2008).These economic factors mainly cause general economic effects in the world. Socially, there is a rapid increase in the dairy needs in the world consumer markets. Thus, Fonterra is currently enjoying the social effects of the growth in nutrition demands (Charles, 2012). Fonterras environment is also affected by the technological factors. New technologies that affect the operation of the company are coming to the market, and Fonterra has to adopt them. Some of these technologies include the technology for cooling, heating and also transportation. Environmental factors also affect the operation of the company. The atmospheric conditions of New Zealand vary a lot like increased greenhouse effect, and this affects the performance of his dairy company. Besides, the existing legal systems affect the operation of Fonterra in the market. Some policies and regulations influence the operation of the business such permissions or restrictions to conduct certain businesses (Hamlin, 2015). Also, there are various legal structures that exist regarding the legal rights of the employees, the farmers and other people living in the system. Apart from the macro environmental factors, Fonterra is also affected by the micro environmental factors. These are factors that exist internally within the organization such as their leadership and other in house aspects of Fonterra. The company has experienced a fall in the share of the milk products in New Zealand market due to tight competition in the industry, and this has affected the operation of this organization. Also, the demand for milk products is not easily predicted and thus affects Fonterra's business. These internal factors among others have influenced the performance of the organization (Philip Gary, 2014). Conclusion As a summary, managing a business organization entails many aspects for consideration. The success of a given business enterprise is greatly attributed to its management. Fonterra, just like other business organizations in the world, has dedicated itself to deliver the milk, milk products, and food service to people all over the world. The company has an established management structure in place which guides its operation. Various Fayal's theories can be applied to the process of Fonterra. The organization has adopted a mechanistic governance structure and therefore,it employs most of the Fayals principles. Some of these theoretical principles include centralization where the organization has a hierarchical management structure, the division of work and specialization where employees are the workers are assigned specific tasks for a long time for mastery. Fonterra also emphasizes on Fayal's principle which emphasizes on the remuneration of the employees. The organization has a culture in place that dictates its operation. Formulation and adoption are cultures a responsibility resting upon the management of this business enterprise. The company has its mission, vision, values, and principles laid in place. This aspect of the corporate culture dictates the way Fonterra runs its business. Also as a summary, Fonterra is also influenced by the macro environment (factors outside the business organization) and micro environmental factors (those from within the company). An understanding of both the internal and external business environment is important for the management of the organization that helps it for its success. Recommended Strategies for Fonterra Fonterra has the potential of sustaining its top position for a long time. The company needs to put in place appropriate management strategies to ensure that the profitability of the organization increases continuously. The management should concentrate on reaching many customers around the globe for its growth. One of the best strategies to achieve this is through partnering with various food and nutrition organizations. The partnership will increase the volume sales of Fonterra's products and services improve the brand name and reach more customers. Fonterra should expand its efforts to target the global market. This increases diversification of the market thus increasing profitability and its general sustainability (Teixeira et al., 2012). Organizational culture is also a critical tool that the management team of Fonterra can adopt for effectiveness. Culture is a robust element that has control on the operation of the company, either positively or negatively. Fonterra should capitalize on the power of corporate culture through formulation, policies, and procedures that can be useful for the performance of the company. Internal culture will guide employees on the expectations of the company and also help manage successions when one employee leaves the company. Therefore, there is need to identify all important aspects necessary for the success of Fonterra and then communicate them effectively to people (Cameron, 2014). Besides, Fonterra's management must consider adopting appropriate marketing strategies for the organization. The Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning (STP) strategies are effective in the management and the success of the company. Fonterra's management has shown efforts to embrace STP strategies. However, the company needs to do more about this. Firstly, Fonterra should segment its market further depending on various factors or characteristics of the available market. The company can divide the market based on various aspects such as their consumption patterns, the purchase ability, their geographical location, their age and many other issues. This is necessary for successful management. It is also recommended that the management team of Fonterra should also consider targeting the segmented groups of customers. The company should produce the milk products that suit the characteristics of these specific groups of people. For example, the milk products should be packaged into smaller quantities that suit the suits consumers with lower purchase ability. Also, the company should continue positioning its products and services in the market above many others to ensure that the brand name stays top in the market. Combining these management strategies is likely to help increase the profitability of the organization thus giving it a competitive advantage over other players in the environment. This is likely to increase its sustainability and ensure it remains a top player in the dairy market References Almashaqba, Z. Nemer A., (2010). "The Classical Theory of Organization and its Relevance." International Research Journal of Finance Economics. 41: 6067. Angelo S. Ricky G. (2009). Human Resources Management, Biztantra Publication, New Delhi 2nd edition. Boddy, R. (2011).Corporate Psychopaths: Organizational Destroyers, Palgrave Macmillan Brunsson, K. (2008). "Some Effects of Fayolism." International Studies Of Management Organization.38(1): 3047. Cameron, B. (2014). Management. Strategic Leadership Review, pp. 22-27. Charles L. (2012). Essentials of Marketing (7e ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Costanza, David P., Nikki B., Meredith R., Jamie B., and Arwen H. (2015). The Effect of Adaptive Organizational Culture on Long-Term Survival.J Bus Psychology Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-21. Web. Cran, C.,(2016). The Art of Change Leadership: Driving Transformation In a Fast-Paced World,Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. pp. 17475 Hamlin, R. (2015)."Niche Marketing and Farm Diversification Processes: Insights From New Zealand And Canada." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. Home. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.fonterra.com/nz/en.html Kleinbaum, A. (2013).Creating a Culture of Profitability, Probabilistic Publishing,ISBN978-0964793897 McLean, J. (2011). "Fayol-Standing the test of time".British Journal of Administrative Management(74): 3233. Michael J., et al. (2008).Organizational Communication Perspectives and Trends(4th Ed.). Sage Publications. Philip K. Gary A, (2014).Principles of Marketing,Pearson Steven M. Britt, W. (2008).Organizational Psychology, A Scientist-Practitioner Approach, John Wiley Sons,ISBN978-0-470-10976-2. Teixeira, R., Koufteros, X. Peng, D. (2012)."Organizational Structure, Integration, and Manufacturing Performance: a Conceptual Model and Propositions." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management.5(1): 6981. The Tipster. (2013). 4 Types of Organizational Culture. Arts FWD. 31st July 2017. Retrieved from https://artsfwd.org/4-types-org-culture/ Tsai, Y. (2011). "Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior, and Job Satisfaction." BMC Health Services Research BMC Health Serv Res(11)1, 98. Van V. (2009).14 Principles of Management (Fall). Retrieved on 31st July 2017 from ToolsHero: https://www.toolshero.com/management/14-principles-of-management/

Blue Tongue Lizard Temperature Adaptations free essay sample

Ectotherms are â€Å"cold-blooded† animals such as reptiles, amphibians, insects, fish and worm. These animals rely on the outside environment for their body heat as they do not generate heat internally like a mammal or bird. Ectotherms have a variety of adaptations, many of them behavioural, to regulate their body temperature and keep it within the range in which they can be active; 10-30oC The Tiliqua or more commonly known as the blue-tongue lizard or just Blue tongue is the largest member of the skink family in Australia. There are six species of blue-tongued lizards or skinks in Australia. -Common or Eastern Blue-tongue Lizard (Tiliqua scincoides scincoides) -Northern Blue-tongued Skink (Tiliqua scincoides intermedia) -Western blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua occipitalis) -Central blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua multifasciata) -Blotched Blue-tongue (Tiliqua nigrolutea) -Shingleback (Tiliqua rugosa) -Pygmy Blue-tongue Skink (Tiliqua adelaidensis) Blue-tongue Lizards are found throughout most of Australia. Blue-tongues usually live in open country with lots of cover such as tall grasses, litter and low shrubs. We will write a custom essay sample on Blue Tongue Lizard Temperature Adaptations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They shelter at night among these covers, in burrows and under large objects on the ground such as rocks and logs. There are three main temperature adaptations that a blue tongue lizard has to maintain its temperature. Blue tongues lie in a sunny spot with their body flattened and turned side-on to the side on a cool morning. This way it absorbs heat more quickly to get its body temperature high enough to become active and is only active when their body temperature is above 30oC and below 35oC. Secondly, as the day becomes hotter, the lizard will turn facing the sun to absorb less heat, and seek shade to avoid the potential of over-heating And lastly, during cold weather they mostly remain inactive, buried deep in their shelter sites. To avoid over heating they move into shades or burrows to cool down from the rising temperature. The temperature in their shelters is fairly constant, which enables the lizard to cool down.

Free Essays on Managing People With Aids

Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit... Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit... Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit...

Statement of Purpos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of Purpos - Essay Example I am interested in pursuing the Ph.D. Degree program with focus on clinical and experimental therapeutics which fits into my future vision of my career. I have particularly chosen to apply to your university because of the strong feedback I gathered about the program from previous alumni. The backgrounder information: â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the World† proclaimed Nelson Mandela. I wish to live through the essence of each and every word of this significant statement. My country, Saudi Arabia, emerged as a full-fledged Nation in the year 1932, but the place of women was confined within the four walls of the home, and they did not get their rights of education until 1956, when the first girl’s school was established. The traditions and societal conditions in Saudi Arabia were averse for the women to participate in public life, but some favorable developments have taken place in the recent times. Even now the topic of women rights is the hotly discussed topic from the various societal platforms and controversies of all sorts are raised to apply checks to the progressive rights of women. Such social imbalances and the lack of will power of the political decision makers to push through the reformations that are necessary for the welfare of women, have been bothering me since childhood that I need to do something tangible towards this end. The proclamation of Nelson Mandela has deeply impacted my thinking to make the world a better place for the Saudi women. The challenges for women as for issues of education, economic development, participation in democratic institutions and civil rights etc. cannot be achieved without access to knowledge which is possible through educating the girl child. The objectives that I aim to achieve: I have worked as a hospital pharmacist and I am pained to observe the misconception of the people of my country

Fossil Fuels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fossil Fuels - Essay Example This paper presents an argument that the use of fossil fuels that has been in existence for some time now, for instance, coal and oil belongs to the past (Pfeiffer, 2006). The use of this fuels can be attributed on how inconvenient and adverse effects that fossil fuels have to the environment. Most countries in the world depend entirely on the fossil fuels, hence there is a possibility that if the government do not come up with other power sources, they will be at risk of running out of fossil fuels. It is significant to note that fossil fuels are non-renewable resource hence it can be easily depleted. According to some research that was conducted, fossil fuels might run out in about fifty years to come. In this case, fossil fuels should be regarded to belong to the past since there are other convenient sources of power, for instance, solar energy that may run continuously without the worry that the power may run out in future. Some countries like Pakistan have the largest coal reserves approximately 10,000 square kilometers (Sherman, 2004). Despite Pakistan having such large amount of coal reserves, the reserves have began to reduce which will cause Pakistan to start finding an alternative means of energy. Most of the countries that are entirely depend on coal, have adopted some technologies, for instance, Clean Coal Technologies which aid in reducing the harmful emissions that result from the combustion of the fossil fuels. These technologies are expensive to maintain and does not completely eliminate the risk caused by emission. Further, compared to using the modern sources of power such as solar energy where such technologies are unnecessary, it becomes expensive. When the fossil fuels undergo combustion, they generate a lot of hydrocarbon containing pollution. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted and this has detrimental effects to the global climate, for example, change of the

Critical Incident Case Study Analysis Social Work Essay

Critical Incident Case Study Analysis Social Work Essay In this paper, I will examine an interesting case study that I found important to discuss. On one hand, I will scrutinize the details of this case study and the vital culture information of the participants. On the second hand, I will analyze the incident from the perspectives of the ethnicity, White American culture, and language differences. Description of the Critical Incident Sequence of events This event took place in a primary school in Indiana State a year ago. H was introduced to a school psychologist by his teacher. He was the worst-behaved white kid in school. He was aggressive, fights with other peers, and argues with his teacher all the time. The teacher wanted to improve Hs behaviors and reported it to his mother. Therefore, the teacher and the school psychologist agreed to work with H, since he was the most challenging child in the classroom. H was in the 4th grade and had maintained high grades. He continued o have good grades throughout the school year. He sometimes had difficulties in following directions and completing in-class assignments in writing activity, yet his academic standing is in the average; however, it is higher in the math area. In order to know more about H, an interview was conducted by a school psychologist with his teacher; the reported that H is from a divorced family and living with his mother who is a special education teacher in high school. During the first session, H was observed to be a Caucasian male of average height and weight with blonde hair, blue eyes, and was dressed casually in a black sweat suit and sneakers. H was sitting silently at his desk and working on his own. The following session, H was observed to be more aggressive and started to make noises, yelling, arguing with teacher and talking back in the classroom. I interviewed H about his behavior that the teacher and principal told me about his behavior that was erratic; I started the first session with him by playing a game to help him identify his feeling and behavior. Throughout the sessions, the student was talking to the school psychologist, and he was telling her that he was having some problems in the new place. He was having a hard time socialing and making friends. The student was also talking about the absence of his father, and how bad he was feeling to be raised by a single mother. He also addressed the bad relationship he had with his peers and teacher and he was telling through the sessions that no one could understand him. During this session, there were some misunderstandings between the client and the therapist in terms of language and some cultural things, such as talking about cartoons and movies characters, favorite Cereal, and kinds of dogs. As a professional, I examined how I would help Hunter to change his behavior issues in the classroom. Therefore, a meeting was conducted with Hs mother in order to know more about his behavior at home and to get her involved. Unfortunately, the conference ended negatively. Added to this, the frustration of Hunters mother over my cultural differences led the consultation process to a negative outcome on Hs concerns. During the meeting, Hs mother argued that her son will be will be attracting attention since they live in a small rural community and everybody knows each other. This was the major problem the mother was thinking about and was frustrated because she would have to face her neighbors staring and comments. The mom was also thinking of her kid in the future and how people will treat and look at him as an aggressive and misbehaved kid in the town. She stated as well that she is a single mom that raised her child by herself and she had faced enough from these people in the town. She mentioned that her kid would have some problems working with an international school psychologist who speaks better in another language than English and had a different cultural background. The student was willing to keep working with him, but his mom was refusing to complete our sessions; he seemed to change gradually and wanted to be different. He was mad, because his mother stopped everything and he told the school psychologist that his mother had not let him come to her. He stated that he did not have friends before and the school psychologist was his friend around that time. Culture of the client The client is Hs mother, 38-year-old, and Caucasian female. She has one child who is 10 years old and step-elder son (age 17) and one younger step daughter (age 5) who does not currently live with her in the same house. The client is divorced, living with her son since she got divorced six years ago. She is working as a special education teacher in high school and mentioned she is from the superior middle class background. Culture of therapist The therapist in this case was me. I am a 26 year old, Muslim international female student. I am from a middle-class background, and grew up in a home with my father, step-mother, and my sisters and half brothers. My family has been an important part in my life. I had a lot of social and emotional support. My mother had a heart attack and died when I was six. I hardly remember her face and how she was acting. Education was a stressful part of my life; living alone far away, and within a different culture was not an easy thing to deal with. Handling of situation The team contained the teacher, the school psychologist, and the principle tried to intervene and help Hunter to stop his negative behaviors and start acting like a normal kid. The team conducted a meeting to target the behavior and plan an intervention. They called Hs mother to get her involved. As the team was working through this case, the mom came to school and asked the principle to discontinue working with her child. She said they are living in a small town and it is a sin in her area to be in trouble in school, especially in terms of behavior issues, and she did not want any kind of services from an international school psychologist. There was no way to convince the mother to get her involved and persuade convinced her to finish the case. This was one of my cultural incompetencies and biases that I experienced. I felt so mad and under micro-aggression, because I am not an American school psychologist. They do not want me to work with this kid; especially then the teacher refused to continue consulting with me about the student and the principle asked me to stay away from him. I felt like an outsider and helpless. The team implemented an intervention to work with H in classroom, but everything was canceled. The problem of this case was unfortunately, was held at the end of the school year. So, I had to stop meeting the child and do what the mom was asking for. I felt so unhelpful and I realized the problems that can occur within school settings and how incompetent people would be in order to intervene. I tried to convince the teacher and the principle to re-set a meeting with the mother to discuss with her Hs academic concerns first, instead of his behavior issues. Explain to her how important it is to work with him before they become major issues in the future, get the mom more involved, and create a connection between home and school. Unfortunately, it was inappropriate to force people to attend sessions or receive help. It was difficult to present a final consultation report for my project. As a final point, the teacher and school psychologist indicated using time-out and ignoring as methods of discipline. Lots of feedback also was suggested to reduce Hs frustration, but there was no way to handle the mothers case expectation through her son. Therefore, I found it very important to address this case study to be more aware if it happened again in the future another time. The Analysis Cross-cultural issues and value differences The following are the cross-cultural issues and value differences that may have existed between therapist and client: Gender, age, socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, religion, and language differences. Age: The client is 38 years old. The school psychologist is 26 years old. Socioeconomic status: the client is from superior middle class background and the therapist is from middle class background. Education: the client is a special education teacher at a high school. The therapist is a student in an EdS program. Religion: the client is a Christian, while the therapist is a Muslim. Ethnicity: the client is White European American and the therapist is an international Arab student. Language: The client speaks English as the first language. The therapist speaks Arabic as the first language. Out of these issues, I will specifically address ethnicity and language differences in the analysis part of this paper. Ethnicity Sue and Sue (2007, chap.1), Hence and Boyd-Franklin (2005), and Fuller (1995) discuss the significance of being aware of our own culture, and each culture has limitations. As an international school psychologist, I was very aware of the ethnic differences during our sessions which made me feel like an outsider. The client in this case was a female white American. She seemed to be categorized deeply within her ethnicity, and she appeared to enjoy being white. In working with her, I believe that it seemed to be heavily associated with how she distinguished and reacted to racial stimuli. Therefore, the race-related reality of whites symbolizes major dissimilarities in how she viewed the world (Sue Sue 2007). The client was not at ease in the beginning, and she noticed my accent and realized that I am not an American professional; she kept asking the what are you? and the where are you from? questions, which I believed now how rude and insensitive this questions were. I felt that she wa s judging me, and it was unclear what she was trying to mention with those questions. I believe that she is one of the people who think that it was fine to scrutinize and query people with dissimilar accents. This unsure idea is surely not to make the individual feel unwanted or insulted when asking about their ethnicity (Sue and Sue, chap.18), According to my own interpretations and what I congregated from the readings through this class, my client showed her own privilege (Sue Sue, chap. 11). It was clear for my client to notice that I am from another country, especially after our following sessions and appeared to see school psychologist students in general as incompetent people who wanted only to practice their skills. While I was reading the Parker and Schwartz (2002) article, I assumed how did White come to be the majority and the oppressor? certainly, I agree that, in the United States, white is the foremost community that has become more pale into the statistical unit beside the other ethnicities that are classified as minority categories. Through my little experience on the practicum at this school, I also noticed some strange things happening at this school; I did not notice that it was discrimination until now. In this school, all the school staff and students were whites and there was an ignorance of the culture strengths and the school staff blames the students and their parents for their problem; this reminded me of cultural blindness agencies. I did not notice all the time working in this school any other different ethnicities besides white Americans. In this stage, the school works with students as they are all the same, ignoring their unique needs and cultural differences (Sue Sue 2007) Goal: the goal of this difference would be to make an equal relationship, free from any racism. Racism found to be evident in all aspects of white community in our daily lives (such as in television, radio, and educational materials, etc.) (Sue Sue 2007) My client is a white American and I should be aware of her own racial background and the persistence of racism in the United States just by being white (Parker Schwartz). As was discussed in McGoldrick outlines (2005) Ethnocultural factors are often the hidden dimension in family therapy with white ethnics, and exploring them may be a key component of successful treatment. Create a therapeutic rapport will be the main goal of this scenario. Course of action: After working with this client, I would collaborate with her with respect to determine her feelings in working with a therapist who is from a different culture as hers. I would also work on her confidentiality since there is a clear feeling of mistrust which is a reaction to being discriminated against and abhor for the dominant communities in an approximately global anti-White demonstration and feeling (Sue Sue, p.200). As a professional, I should know the presence of distrust and work to get my clients trust. My client is white American; I should be aware that white privilege is invisible (McIntosh, 1988) to her I was unwelcome. It will very effective to reduce the anxiety and the upset feelings of the client and the school psychologist as well in this scenario. Rationale: My rationale for choosing this goal and course of action was to address the dissimilarities that exist between the school psychologist and the client in order to understand and reduce the relationship of dominant and minority. Collaborating with my client in the future will focus on her salient issues in order to get her more involved and trust the school psychologist. I would also teach my client some therapeutic techniques in order to help her comprehend and increase her feelings of trust and comfort. Language Strong emotions such as anger, sadness, and defensiveness were displayed when talking about experiences of race, culture, and other socio demographic variables (McIntosh, chap.1). These feelings may improve or negate a full meaning to comprehend the worldviews of culturally varied clients. As professional, working with a multicultural population, I need to know that I am different and how to deal with it in an appropriate way. In this case study, I worked with a client who is from a diverse culture and that leads to have some hard times to understand each other in the beginning, especially in terms of the language, eye contact, and sometimes body language. The client in this case is an American English speaker using high Standard English and emphasizing verbal communication (Sue Sue, chap. 6). The client was talking normally, but with attention that she was not satisfied. She sometimes talked very fast. As a school psychologist, English is my third language and as most of non English first language speaker, I have an accent. Sometimes my accent may sound familiar, but usually most people mentioned that it is understood and has a French flavor, which most of people likes. From time to time, I feel uncomfortable if my client misunderstood me. I think that was because of my accent and she did not used to talk with foreigners she is having troubles to understand me; as Sue and Sue stated (2007, Chap. 21) Communication due to language difficulties as I stated above, my client may sometimes talk fast and use some slang statements that I could not comprehend. We were having a problem to connect and link up together, but the main problem was to be unable to work with her child that made me feel very embarrassed and sometimes unfruitful. In this case, I feel very depressed and sometimes I could not handle situations. I know that I have a productive background, but language issues make me ver y upset. It made me feel utterly unwelcomed in my clients community and this country, especially with these kinds of clients who do not like me to work with their children, just because they do not trust international people. This idea of the inferiority of me in addition to the belief that my client has the power to impose her standards upon my culture was also presented (Sue Sue, chap. 4). These also made feel both astound and shocked, especially when I experienced such things directly in this case. Communication is an appealing part of communicative interaction; it is an instrument that helps the therapists to comprehend their clients and provides him or her needed services. (Sue Sue, chap.6) In our field, we need to be able to exchange communication in appropriate way for both verbal and nonverbal messages. Coding and decoding messages from others is the key to understand both the language and the message that is transmitted through the use of the language. Goal: as a goal to resolve this scenario is to be familiar with American culture and speak English perfectly, and also be familiar with their slangs and have self confidence that I am trying to do well. American speakers if they attempt to speak Arabic for an example they will have an accent as well. Through working with this client, I will discuss the language especially the accent barrier openly with her; I bet that this may be beneficial. Course of action: I think it is very vital to talk with the clients in the initial interview before starting any assessment. Informed her that I am an international school psychologist and they may not fully understand my accent. I will let her know that I am open to answer her questions and repeat if it needed. Discussing the foreign language accents and refer that is normal to have an accent within another language learned as well. I again felt the stinging confidence to improve English with the aim of being a more effective and diverse professional. Rational: My rationale for choosing this goal and course of action was to talk about the accent issues that may help me relax and work comfortably. Educating the client that her kids case is going to be confidential and no one will know about it in the town. It may lead to ignore other issues like language, I will also ask my client to ask for clarifications if the she did not understand me and the problem will be resolved. Conclusion After analyzing this case study, I recognized how significant it is to be sensitive of our cultural difference in order to be competent and sensitive to other cultures. This experience helped me to comprehend how dissimilar we are as people and how this affect the interpersonal communications. This will help me be to be aware and work on myself to be more an effective and successful professional in the future.

Philadelphia- Analysis of Conflict and Unity Essay

The movie Philadelphia is mainly focused on one man, Andrew Beckett, against the discrimination he faces by the giant law firm he worked for. Andrew is aided in his battle by another man, Joe Miller. The director Jonathan Demm characterises both men to establish conflict and then unity. This is established through the use of various camera techniques, through the use of dialogue and also through the storyline by exemplifying their similarities and differences. Following the opening credit sequence of the city, we are immediately introduced to both the main characters, Andrew Beckett and Joe Miller. Both are introduced as lawyers and it is also evident that they are arguing against each other. This establishes a sense of difference and opposition. This impression is enhanced by the racial difference between the two, Joe being black and Andrew being white. At first both are shown in close ups, shown separately, however the camera shifts to a two shot which is used to show them in the same frame, sitting together. This is significant as it foreshadows their original conflict and eventual unity. After this confrontation both Andrew and Joe are shown in the elevator, behaving similarly, talking on their phones. Demm characterises both men so that even though a sense of conflict and opposition is established in the film, this scene demonstrates their similarities. This is used to establish a slight sense of unity; however it is mainly used to fo reshadow their eventual unanimity. Throughout the movie their similarities as well as differences have been accentuated to establish a sense of conflict and unity. Another example of their differences is towards the end of the film, when Andrew and Joe both attend a fancy dress party with their partners. This is the only time both couples are shown together and is especially significant when they are dancing. Andrew and his partner Miguel, are shown dancing together very closely, however the camera then shifts to Joe and his wife. This highlights their difference in sexual orientation and again establishes an ongoing sense of conflict, even though they have become quite close at this point. Another important scene which displays their similarities is in the library. Both men are there and the scene is used to parallel them, as a library is  connotation for learning. This similarity is used to establish unity and is further supported when Joe sit with Andrew to look over his notes. At first Joe leaves and then we physically see him torn between his personal opinion and justice. This again represents their conflict which is substantiated when Joe sits with Andrew; however he seems to be quite tense. The camera constantly shifts between close ups of both characters and then both are shown together in an aerial shot. Andrew is seen passing a law book to Joe who accepts it. The book represents the law and justice and that is what acts in unifying both characters, as Joe is seen as accepting the case. At the commencement of the case, and throughout the whole case, the camera plays an important role in showing the unity between Andrew and Joe. The camera constantly reverts to a two shot of Andrew and Joe which signifies their unity, and shows that they have overcome most of their original conflict however some of it still remains. While the case is going on, there is scene in a drug store, in which Andrew is approached by a homosexual footballer who asks Joe out. Joe is furious that he has been classed in the same bracket as Andrew, being gay. This shows that there is still a sense of ongoing conflict between Andrew and Joe, as Joe still seems uncomfortable on issues concerning homosexuality. Throughout the movie the dialogue plays an important role in showing the conflict and unity between Andrew and Joe. This is especially evident through the use of numerous quotes from Joe, regarding homosexuality and Andrew. When Andrew originally approaches Joe to represent him in court and Joe refuses it is because that Andrew is gay and has AIDS. Andrew asks Joe if he doesn’t accept the case for personal issues and Joe admits â€Å"Yes, that’s right†. This obviously shows that Joe is uncomfortable with Andrew and establishes a sense of conflict. This is again evident when he visits the doctor, worried that he might obtain AIDS. Joe then says to the doctor â€Å"I don’t like them; I don’t want this person to touch me†. Joe states his obvious discomfort against gays later in the film when he is in the pub. â€Å"These people make me sick but a law has been broken† is what Joe says when people are insulting him in the pub. All these various quotes show that there is obvious conflict between Andrew and Joe however the law is what  unifies them. In conclusion Demm uses many methods so that Andrew Beckett and Joe Miller are both characterised in the movie, to establish conflict and then unity. This is achieved through the use of various camera techniques and the use of various dialogues. It is also achieved through the actual storyline and the manner in which Andrew and Joe are juxtaposed to create a sense of conflict however their similarities are also highlighted to show their eventual unity. Philadelphia-www.imdb.com/title/tt0107818/

Food Borne Illness paper

This paper will explain how the infectious organism staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through food. Discuss a real life outbreak of staphylococcus aureus in the United States. Also describe the clinical symptoms, the duration of the symptoms, and any treatments for the disease. The author will discuss the steps to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including personal as well as environmental precautions and methods that can be taken. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (staph), is commonly found in pimples, infected cuts, and when people have colds (â€Å"Staphylococcus†, 2014).Therefore, staph can be transmitted from person to person from contaminated hands. The infection is spread from a person’s hands by contaminated objects such as razors, and sports equipment. Other ways of contamination could be close skin to skin transmission, crowded living conditions, cuts, and poor hygiene. Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning when a person does not properly refrigerate f ood, clean equipment, and if food is not properly prepared. In the early 1990’s 1,364 children became ill at a Texas elementary school after eating chicken salad (â€Å"Bad Bug Book: foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook†, 2013).The chickens was frozen and boiled, deboned, and cooled by a fan to room temperature. The chicken was refrigerated overnight and the next morning blended with other ingredients. The chicken salad was put in a thermal container and transported to 16 different school sights and held at room temperature until lunchtime. The chicken became contaminated during deboning. Probably because the food was not cooled fast enough. Some of the symptoms that a person has when he or she has become infected with the bacteria are vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever and nausea.The duration of the illness is approximately 24 to 48. If you have any of the above mentioned symptoms one should drink plenty of water and other fluids to p revent dehydration and get plenty of rest. Some people may require a visit to his or her doctor for treatment. The doctor can treat the skin infection by making an incision and draining the infected area and by prescribing antibiotics. Individual and environmental precautions that can be taken to prevent further outbreaks are: good hand washing techniques, use soap and running water when washing hands before and after eating, as well as after using the bathroom.Staph can exist on environmental surfaces. Therefore, sanitation of these areas should be done regularly. Most institution and eating places have guidelines for sanitation for these areas. People should also make sure that shared items are cleaned, such as your computer, cell phone, scissors clippers, children toys, and exercise equipment. One method that can be used to sanitize equipment is by using 1 tablespoon of bleach in 1 quart of water. This can help disinfect some objects.Also, use disposal towels or wipes. This paper has explained how the infectious organism staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through food, discussed an outbreak of staphylococcus aureus at an elementary school in Texas. Also, described the clinical symptoms, the duration of the symptoms, and any treatments for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The author has discussed the measures to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including personal as well as environmental precautions and methods that can be taken.

How “The Artist’s Way A Spiritual Path to Higher Creativity”, by Julia Cameron, Can Help a Budding Writer

â€Å"There’s no such thing as a non-creative person,† says Julia Cameron. She is the author of The Artist’s Way: A Spiritual Path to Higher Creativity. This optimism reflects Ms. Cameron’s belief that there’s an artist (like a writer) in each of us, and in the Artist’s Way she outlines the steps a person can take to unleash their creativity, and become the writer (or other type of creative artist) they want to be. Ms. Cameron’s optimism served her well. After some initial success in the movie industry in the early 1970s, she became addicted to alcohol. In 1978, after particularly brutal scotch-and-cocaine binge, she found the strength and courage to quit abusive drugs and began teaching people how to unblock their creative ways. Along the way, she learned the tips and hints that helped other creative artists. Combining these with a system loosely based on Alcoholic Anonymous’ 12-step program, Ms. Cameron wrote the Artist’s Way as guide for people to unlock their inner creativity. Published in 1992, it also has a spiritual component, espousing the belief that artistic expression is an effective way to connect with our inner selves. There are 12 themes, with exercises, to help readers identify their core values and ultimately get better at expressing what’s important to them. Many of the themes, such as integrity, strength, compassion, and faith provide ideas to budding writers. The exercises help turn the abstract themes into tools for improvement. One of is called â€Å"filling the well.† The reader is directed to stop reading for a week and just focus on observing the world. This provides an opportunity to wake up to what’s going on around the reader, and possibly trigger creative thoughts. Another exercise is called the â€Å"three morning pages†. First thing in the morning, using longhand, the reader writes three pages of stream of consciousness writing. There’s no structure, and this lack of structure allows the reader to be provoked or cajoled into organizing the upcoming day. The book also recommends an â€Å"artist date†, which is a once-a-week private time to seek out something interesting. Perhaps there’s a new exhibit at the local museum, or a drive in the countryside during autumn will amaze the reader with a colorful display. This time alone, peacefully enjoying something of interest in an otherwise chaotic day, can spark the imagination and recharge batteries for a creative endeavor (such as writing). Another theme in the book is self-protection, meaning that busy people need to protect their inner artist self from workaholism. Too often, exhausting, treadmill-like endless hours of drudgery produce little, while great writing can occur from a few hours of energetic and creative work. The key is abstaining from destructive behaviors that turn positive work output into wasted time. Checking email every 10 minutes or starting to plan dinner are examples. The themes, tools, and exercises from the Artist’s Way probably may seem abstract. However, it’s not possible to distill such a groundbreaking book into a few paragraphs. To really benefit from Ms. Cameron’s successful advice, get a copy of her book. Don’t just read it, pore over it and put serious effort into the exercises, and with time the creative juices should flow and improved writing should follow. It’s understood that not everyone does well learning from a self-help book. They need a more interactive and engaging source of education and inspiration. There’s good news for these people. First, Ms. Cameron has produced a series of videos that covers the concepts in her book. Second, the author’s concepts have been so successful that workshops are available that cover the ideas. Finally, if money is no object, then Ms. Cameron herself is available for private consultation! Regardless of how the concepts in the Artist’s Way are learned, they can help turn budding writers into published authors.